Volumetric gas-analyzing apparatus



I. HOGG. AVOLUIVIIETRIC GAS ANALYZING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 9| 1922.

Patented Novu IMI, 1922.

INVENTOR.

`A TToRNEx/ I Patented Nov.. Ml, 1922;

NETE@ STATES l, Maaate JOHN WEBB BIOGG, 0F NURRISTOWN, PENNSYLVANEA.

VOLUMETRC GAS-ANALYZING APPARATUS.

Application filed January 9,'1922. Serial No. 523,056.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, JOHN W. Hoes, a citizen of the United States,residing at Norristown, in the countyv of Montgomery and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain fore and after being subjected to orpassed through an absorbing medium. lln brief the apparatus comprises anabsorption chamber, two flow meters, for diHerential pressure devices;one measuring'the gas before vabsorption and the other measuring the gasafter absorption, and a proportional recording device so connected withand operated by the two flow meters as to make a visual record whichwill be proportional to the fraction or per cent of the original gasabsorbed in the absorption `chamber which is connected to and betweenthe two flow meters.

l will explain the invention with reference to the accompanying drawingsin which l have illustrated diagrammatically and conventionally one formof apparatus embodying the invention, and which in connection with thedescription will enable others skilled in the art to understand adoptand use the invention.4 lln the claims following the description ll havesummarized the essenf tials of the invention and novel features ofconstruction and arrangements of parts for which protection is desired.

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic. conventional illustration of a completeapparatus embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a modified form of recording arm link.

Fig. 3 is another modified form of recording arm link. i

lln the form of apparatus illustratedy in Fig. 1, A is a supply pipe forthe'gas by which the gas is conducted into an absorption chamber B,which may be the interior of a suitable vessel B, said pipe extendingdownwardly into the chamber and below the surface of a suitableabsorbing medium 9 in said chamber B. 'llhe gas rlses through theabsorbing material 9 in said chamber B and escapes into a pipe C bywhich it is conducted to the point of storage or utilization or blown toatmosphere (not shown). lln passing through the absorbing material 9certain contents of the gas will be absorbed; and the object of thisinvention is to determine and record the amount of contents absorbed,and to enable this to be recorded continuously.

For this purpose.4 the pipes A and C are respectively connected adjacentthe chamber B with flow meters and these flow meters are connected witha recording mechanism ,adapted to operate as hereinafter described.

'llhe principles involved are'susceptible to a wide variation andtherefore ll do not con- .sider the invention restricted to themechanical features or details of construction shown in the accompanyingdrawing. lln the form of apparatus shown, the flow meter connected withpipe A comprises upper and lower bells 3 and 13 which are connected by arod 33. 'llhe mouth of the bell 3 is sealed in a tank 3, open at itsupper end and closed at the bottom, so the gas will be retained in thebell 3. 'llhe bell 13 is sealed by a tank .133, the outer wallof whichextends above the bell 13 and forms a Vgas chamber above the bell. llnthe construction shown the bells 3 and 13 are arranged vertical," andone above 'the other, so that the pressure on the vbell 3.y

will oppose the pressure on the bell 13, or

the pressure of gas in the tank 3a will oppose the pressure in the tank13a. The tank 13al is connected above the bell 13 with a pipe A by asmall pipe 13b, and the tank 3*- is connected with the pipe A by a smallpipe 3b. Between the points of connection of the pipes 13b and 3b withthepipe A is an oriticed partition provided in pipe A, said orifice a.having an aperture 1 of such size as will cause a difference in gaspressure in pipe A' at opposite sides-of said partition, such differencein pressure or dow of gasin the pipe A causing a like di'erence ofpressure in the tanks 3l and 13a.

'llhis difference of pressure is utilized as hereinafter described foroperating a recording device.

@pposite the tanks 3a, 13a are a like pair of similar tanks t, la, inwhich are bells Aat 4- and 14 corresponding to bells 3 and 13, the

bell 14 being sealed in the tank 14 and the bell4 being aled in the tank4, The bells 4 and 14 are connected by a rod 44 so. that 5 they mustmo-ve in unison. The gas pres sures in the tanks 4a and 14al upon theVrespec-l tive bells, cause the bells to oppose each other. 'lihe tank4aL is connected by a small pipe 4b with the pipe C; and the tank 14a isalso connected above bell 14 by a pipe 14b with the pipe C. lin the pipeC between the connections of the pipes 4b and 14b therewith is anoriioed partition c (corresponding to the partition a, in pipe A) andhaving an orifice 2 therein which will produce a dif- `ference of gaspressure in p-ipe C at opposite sides of said partition c. have merelyindicated in the drawings partitions a, c., in pipes A and C, bypartitions ll include any suitable mechanical devices which willobstruct the low of gases in the p-ipe A between the pipes 13b and 3",and in the pipe C between the pipes 4b and r14".

The bells 3 and 13 should-- be so proportioned that when the gaspressures in the tanks 3B, 13* are equal the bells will stand in normalposition and there will be no movement thereof; but if the pressure inthe tank 3 should decrease then the bells and 3@ rod 33 would descend.if the pressure in the a tank 13*l should become less than that in the-tank 3a, the bells and the rod 33 would rise.

Similarly the bells 4 and 14 are so propor' tioned that if the pressuresin the tanks 4a, 14al are equal there would vbe no movement of the bellsand rod 44; but if the pressure in one tank 4a or 14a decreases thebells and rod 44 will be moved until the pressure is balanced. The rod33 will move only in event of variation of the relative pressures in thepipe Aat opposite sides of' the orifice l, and the rods 44 will moveonly in event of variation in .the relative pressures in pipe C atopposite sides of the orifice 2.

The movements of the rods 33 and 44 are utilized to operate anindicating recording device oit any suitable construction. In theconstruction indicated a Llever 5 is pivoted at 5 on a slidable carrier5b mounted to to move horizontally in a. slot 6 in a guide 6, which issupported in any suitable manner between the rods 33 land 44. Thecarrier 5t should be capable of moving freely in the slot tain the guide6.- and said slot 6a should sliding engagement with afpin' or roller 7Lon rod 33; and thejslot 8 ot lever 5 hasV a free sliding engagement witha pin or roller es 7 or rod44. 'llhe distance between the slotbe atright angles t the line of movement oit,

Maaate ted or forked ends 8, 8 should be such that the lever will notbind between pins 7, 7 when lever 5 is in a horizontal position. Y

- Attached to the carrier 5b is a. depending finger l which carries amarker 10a of any suitable construction which is adapted to-engage asuitable .recording chart 11, which may be rotated by clockwork. While lhave shown a circular chart any other form of chart may be employedwhich will be moved in regular time and uniform speed, and wherein theline traced by the marker 10a will show any varia-tions of movement ofthe point 10a due to movement of the carrier 5b.

ln Fig. 1 the marker 10"i is shown directly connected to an arm 10 onthe carrier 5". H the apparatus wereA made of very small size the amountof movement of. the carrier b might be so small as to make it vdicult toread the variations in per cent on the chart. lin such cases themovement of the marker a might be amplified by any suit' able means.

As diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 2 a pair of levers 11, 11a maybe pivoted at 11b to the guide ti 'and connected at their midpoints bylinks 11c to the carrier 5"; a pair of links 11d and 11e arerespectively.,connected to the outer ends of the links 11, .11a andpivoted together as at 11, and to the point 11f member 10 is attached;by this arrangement a slight'horizontal movement of the carrier 5b willcause a greatly amplified movement of the marker 10.

ln the construction indicated in F ig. 3, the

member 10b, carrying the pen 10, instead of bein Xed to the carrier 5b,is pivoted at 10c on t e guide 6 above the carrier, and has a slot 10engaged by a'pin 5e on the carrier l 5b. As the p-in 5e is much nearerthe pivot 10c than the marker 10a, a slight movement of the carrier 5bwill cause agreatlyamplitied movement of the pen 10,a.

The particular-,construction of the chart and means for operating themarker 10a form no feature of the present invention, and various formsof recording apparatus now iii use can be readily adapted for use inconnection with the flow meters, for the pur-- pose described, and li donot consider my invention restricted to any particular constructionofthe registering devices, or means for operating the chart or marker.lit, may be assumed that in the normal position of the parts the lever 5is horizontally disposed asin position indicated? in dotted lines inlFig. 1. shown in one extreme position in full lines in lFig. 1). v`Withno gas flow through the machine the lever 5 will remain horizontal or in/normal position since there is then no dierent pressure on eitherilowmeter. y

lin lFig. 1 the total possible deflection d? of How meter 4-14 is shownas ,equal to that d' of the new meter 3-13. This is (The lever beingv yte take to theo-apparatus.

. .hand flow meter willbe less Y'an e5- nasse-ae the natural zeroposition of the recorder` since this condition is obtained only wherethere is no gas absorbed in chamber 9 and hence the di'erential pressureis the same on each flow meter. Therefore the deflection d2 is alwaysequal to or less than d.

rl`he flow meter 3-13 measures the gas before absorption; and the flowmeter 4-14 measures the gas after absorption, the chamber B withabsorbing medium being connected between the two How meters. 'lhedeflection of one flow meter (or di'erential pressure device) connectedacross orilice is to be in one direction (up or down) and the deflectionof theother flow meter (or differential pressure device) to be in theopposite direction (down or up) the meters and pressure connectionsbeing properly made to eect this.

rlhe lever which makes sliding contact with the rods of the How metersis pivoted at its centre on the carrier 5* or other mechanical device,as near frictionless as possible, which is constrained to move only in ahorizontal plane and its en or marker l()a connected to this pivot orthrough a multiplier) makes a raphic record on chart 11. The gas maygbeeither forced or sucked through the pipe A, vessel and pipe C by anysuitable means.

lf'llhe forked ends 8, 8 are free to slide back and forth on pins 7, 7of the How meter rods 33 and 44 for any position each or both mayassume, Assuming that one How meter rod is stationary we may regard thatend of the lever 5'as a fulcrum and that the other end is the handle ofa lever which can be raised or lowered and the center of the lever beingpivoted on a slidable device is constrained to move only in a horizontalplane. The action would be as follows rllhe flow meter (or di'erentialpressure device) 3-13 is connected across orifice 1,

and therefore measures the gas entering the apparatus. 'lhe highpressure and low pressure connections are lso made as to give aKwdeflection'of distance al (either u or 'down vfrom .the horizontalposition) t e 'square root of which is proportional to the gas inincethe distance Zlis proportional tothe differential head.

across orice l Iwe )have the following equa- NOW the lexpression tions:e i t thelvalue d1)- l Y QL: Kil/li v p Assume that while the machineis-operating the percent/1ct absorbable gas becomesz greater and the Howthroughtheright hand orilice decreases the deection ofthe right' it willtend to drop, '(notdeect,`so far)r 1in doing so it will ycreate a forcevertical f downward. Since this is a sliding contact the force that thelever will receive will be perpendicular to the axis of the lever 5.rllhis force is (f2). The force f2 acting on the lever with (7) as afulcrum will create a force (f3) at vthe point of about twice themagnitude of force f2. This force acts against the guides (6) and may beresolved into two components, one (f4) perpendicular to the slot (6a)and one (f5) at right angles to (f4) and in line with the` axis of aslot 6a. rlhe recording mechanism will then move to the right showing agreater per cent of gas absorbed and recording same on the chart. es

The flow meter (or diderential pressure device) 4--14 measures the gasflow Q2 by the orifice 2 after the absorption has taken place in thechamber 9. rlhe high pressure and low pressure connectors are made sothat the deflection distance Z2 from the horizontal plane is in theopposite direction from that of flow meter 3-13. The equation of thisflow (following the same reasoning as for How meter 3--13) is as followsrllhe proportional marker 10a of the recording device is operated bylever 5, which is shifted by and according to the movements of rods 33and all of the flow meters and makes a graphic `record on chart 1,1 ofthe per cent of gas absorbed.

The flow of gas through the apparatus may be either induced by suctionor forced through by pressure and if necessary suitable means used tomaintain the gas at the same temperature during the measurement andabsorption.

The per cent of gas absorbed asma( gg Putting in values of @l and Q2 wehave r 10o (l I Kil/d1 'stant' for a given'set of conditions. Let'itequal llt.l

. Solving the above:

.u y P 2 l @frh-@MHD Therefore fora given per cent of gas absorbed theratios of the deections are con- ViL lll@

; will be a coni aan' stant.v Referring to the sketch due to similartriangles ydfn-a3 y j Y Combining equations (l) and (lflD- i i da P DK21` Therefore for a sorbd given per centvof gas abd D? d3 is a constantquantity.

As stated the 'drawings are merely dia- ..grammatic, illustrating thegeneral principles of construction, and changes could be made inthecharacter of construction of the dow meters, reording device, andabsorbing chamber, Within'the scope of the inven-I tion.

- What lf claim is:

y l. volumetric gas l analyzing apparatus comprising, an absorptionchamber; means for conducting gases'to said chamber; means forconducting ases from said chamber; means forestablishing differentialpressure of the gas in said mea-ns for conducting gases to said chamber;means for establishing differential pressure of gas in said means forconducting gases from said chamber; a flow meter Vhaving membersrespectively subjected to different gas pressures inthe means forconducting gases to said chamber; flow meter having members respectivelysubj ected to different gas pressures in the means for conducting .gasesfrom said chamber; and indicating or recording means voper-4 ativelyconnected With the respective How v meters, substantially as described.

2. Vlin volumetric gas analyzing apparatus; an absorption'chamber; meansfor con-l ducting gases to said chamber; means ffor conductln gases fromsald chamber; means for. establlshing differential pressure of th'e` gasin said means for conducting'gases tosaid chamberg'ineansfor-establishlng differential pressures of gas in sald means forconducting gases lfrom said chamber; a'flow meter having opposed membersrespectively subjected todiderent gas pressures in the .means forconducting gases to said chamber; a flow meter having opposed membersrespectively. subjected to diderent gas pressures in the meansforconducting' vgases yfrom `saidchamber; means operatively connectedwith the respective flow meters so as to be shifted thereby; andarecording member or'indicator connected with said latter means.v 3.Volumetric gas analyzing apparatus comprising, an absorption chamber; asupx p ly pipe .for conductlng ases to said'cham-` ber.; means forestablishing differential gas pressures in said supply pipe;afdischarge4 pipe from said chamber, means for establishing di'erentialgas pressures in said discharge pipe; ,a How meter subjected to thediHerences in pressure in the supply pipe, a HOW meter subjected todifferences in pressure in the discharge pipe, and a recording member ormarker operatively connected With the respective flovgT meters'.

4. Volumetric gas analyzing apparatus; comprising, an absorptionchamber; a supply pipe for conducting gases to said chamber; means forestablishing dierential gas pressures in said pipe; a discharge pipefrom ber; means for establishing differential gas pressures in saidpipe;a discharge p ipe from said chamber, means for establishingdiffe-rential gas pressures in said discharge pipe;

aflow meter having opposed members rexv lspectively subjected to dierentpressures in the supply pipe; a flow meter having-opposed membersrespectively subjected toditferent pressures in the discharge pipe; andmeans operatively connected with the respec tive flow meters so as to beshifted thereby,

and a recording member or marker' connected with said means. s

6. Volumetric gas analyzing apparatus comprising, an absorption chamber;a supply pipe for conducting gases to said chamber; means forestablishing differential gas pressures in said pipe; a discharge pipefrom said chamber; means for establishingg-differential" gas pressuresin said discharge pipe; a flow meter subjected to the dierences inpressure in the supply pipe, a Aflow meter subjected to differences inpressure in the discharge pipe, operatively connected with therespective flow meters so as to be shifted thereby, and a recordingmember or markerconnected with said lever.

,7, Volumetric gas analyzing apparatus comprising, an absorptionchamber; a supply pipe for vconducting gases to said lchamber; means'for establishing differential gas pressures in said pipe; adischargepipe from said chamber,`means for establishing dilerential gaspressuresin said discharge pipe;

`a How meter subjected to `the di'erences in..

pressurein the supply pipe, 'a flow meter' i discharge pipe, a leveroperatively connected with 'the respective dow meters so as to subjectedto ,differences 1n pressure inthe l iso 4 naaaeae be shifted thereby,and a recording member or marker connected with said latter lever, andmeans constraining said marker to move in a-substantially straight line,substantially as described.

8. volumetric gas analyzing apparatus comprising, an absorption chamber;a supply pipe for conducting gases to said cham- Jber; means forestablishing did'erential gas pressures in said pipe; a discharge pipefrom said chamber, means for establishing didierential gas pressures insaid discharge pipe; a flow meter having opposed members respectivelysubjected to the did'erent pressures in the supply pipe, a dow meterhavingopposed members respectively. subjected to the diderent pressuresin the discharge pipe; and a lever operatively connected With therespective tlow meters so as to be shifted thereby,` a recording memberor marker connected .with said lever and means constraining said markerto move in a substantially straight line, substantially as describedu 9.lln volumetric gas analyzing apparatus; an absorption chamber; a supplypipe for conducting gases to said chamber; a perorated partition in saidpipe for establishing diderent gas pressures therein; a discharge pipefrom said chamber; a perforated partition in said pipe for establishingdider-A ent gas pressures therein; a dow meter hav- `Aing opposedmembers connected with the supply pipe respectively at opposite sides otthe partition; a How meter having opposed members connected with thedischarge pipe respectively at opposite sides ot the partitiony therein,and a recording or marlring means operatively connected with the membersot the respective How meters so as to be shitt` ed thereby 10. lnvolumetric gas analyzing apparatus, an absorption chamber; a supply pipefor conducting gases to said chamber; a periEorated partitlon in saidsupply pipe for establishing diderential gas pressures therein;a'discharge 'pipe from said member, a perforated partition in saidr'discharge pipe for establishing diiderential gas vpressures therein; atlovv meter having opposed members respectively connected With theVsupply pipe at opposite sides ot the partition therein; a dow meterhaving opposed members respectively connected With the discharge pipe atopposite sides of the partition therein; a l.

lever operatively connected with the respective How meters so as to beshifted therei by, and a recording member or marker connected with saidlever. f

ln testimony that llclaim the foregoing as A my own, ll amr mysignature.

` rotin wenn nose.

